Developing indicators for quality assurance in cytopathology. Catalan Society of Cytopathology.

BACKGROUND: Quality control in cytology must be established through reliable and easily measurable indicators. METHODS: From the Catalan Society of Cytopathology a group of experts has been established to write a document with 13 indicators that cover the entire cytological process, based on its Cytopathology Quality Guide. It has been elaborated through guides and documents with scientific evidence and DELPHI methodology in order to reach a structured consensus on the opinions of a group of experts. RESULTS: Thirteen indicators, covering all the cytologic process are expressed in worksheets specifying all their characteristics. CONCLUSION: This document allows the control of all stages of the cytological process.

Rendimiento diagnóstico del broncoaspirado recogido antes y después de la biopsia bronquial en pacientes con neoplasia pulmonar y lesión endobronquial / Diagnostic performance of the bronchial aspirate collected before and after the bronchial biopsy in patients with pulmonary neoplasia with endobronchial lesion

Antecedentes y objetivos: En pacientes con cáncer de pulmón (CP) y lesión endobronquial, la secuencia óptima de recogida del broncoaspirado, previamente (BASpre) o posteriormente a la biopsia (BASpost) aún no está establecida. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el rendimiento diagnóstico del BASpre con el BASpost. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó pacientes con CP y lesión endobronquial sometidos a una broncoscopia con biopsia bronquial y muestras de BASpre y de BASpost. Se calculó el rendimiento diagnóstico de ambas técnicas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 144 pacientes. El BASpre fue diagnóstico en 24 (16,7%) casos y el BASpost en 33 (22,9%) (prueba de Chi-cuadrado p<0,009). El número de casos en que resultaron el único método diagnóstico fue idéntico: 2 para el BASpre y 2 casos para el BASpost. Conclusiones: En pacientes con CP y lesión endobronquial, el BASpost aporta material diagnóstico en un porcentaje de casos mayor que el BASpre. No obstante, esta diferencia no es clínicamente relevante ya que no influye en el rendimiento diagnóstico global de la broncoscopia

Background and objectives: In patients with lung cancer (LC) and endobronchial lesion, the optimal sequence for collecting bronchial aspirate, before (BASpre) or after the biopsy (BASpost) is not yet established. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of BASpre with BASpost. Materials and methods: Retrospective study of patients with LC and endobronchial lesion undergoing bronchoscopy with bronchial biopsy and BASpre and BASpost samples. The diagnostic performance of both techniques was calculated. Results: A total of 144 patients were included. BASpre was diagnostic in 24 (16.7%) cases and BASpost in 33 (22.9%) (Chi-squared P<0.009). The number of cases in which it was the only diagnostic method was identical: Two for BASpre and two cases for BASpost. Conclusions: In patients with LC and endobronchial lesion, BASpost is diagnosed in a higher percentage of cases than BASpre. This difference does not affect the overall diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy as the number of times in which either is the only diagnostic procedure is identical

Src-Homology 2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase 2 in Resected EGFR Mutation-Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) displays impaired phosphorylation of ERK and Src-homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) in comparison with EGFR wild-type LUADs. We hypothesize that SHP2 expression could be predictive in patients positive with resected EGFR mutation versus patients with EGFR wild-type LUAD. METHODS: We examined resected LUAD cases from Japan and Spain. mRNA expression levels of AXL, MET, CDCP1, STAT3, YAP1, and SHP2 were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The activity of SHP2 inhibitors plus erlotinib were tested in EGFR-mutant cell lines and analyzed by cell viability assay, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: A total of 50 of 100 EGFR mutation-positive LUADs relapsed, among them, patients with higher SHP2 mRNA expression revealed shorter progression-free survival, in comparison with those having low SHP2 mRNA (hazard ratio: 1.83; 95% confidence interval: 1.05-3.23; p = 0.0329). However, SHP2 was not associated with prognosis in the remaining 167 patients with wild-type EGFR. In EGFR-mutant cell lines, the combination of SHP099 or RMC-4550 (SHP2 inhibitors) with erlotinib revealed synergism via abrogation of phosphorylated AKT (S473) and ERK1/2 (T202/Y204). Although erlotinib translocates phosphorylated SHP2 (Y542) into the nucleus, either RMC-4550 alone, or in combination with erlotinib, relocates SHP2 into the cytoplasm membrane, limiting AKT and ERK1/2 activation. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated SHP2 mRNA levels are associated with recurrence in resected EGFR mutation-positive LUADs, but not in EGFR wild-type. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors can enhance SHP2 activation, hindering adjuvant therapy. SHP2 inhibitors could improve the benefit of adjuvant therapy in EGFR mutation-positive LUADs.

Diagnostic performance of the bronchial aspirate collected before and after the bronchial biopsy in patients with pulmonary neoplasia with endobronchial lesion. / Rendimiento diagnóstico del broncoaspirado recogido antes y después de la biopsia bronquial en pacientes con neoplasia pulmonar y lesión endobronquial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In patients with lung cancer (LC) and endobronchial lesion, the optimal sequence for collecting bronchial aspirate, before (BASpre) or after the biopsy (BASpost) is not yet established. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of BASpre with BASpost. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of patients with LC and endobronchial lesion undergoing bronchoscopy with bronchial biopsy and BASpre and BASpost samples. The diagnostic performance of both techniques was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 144 patients were included. BASpre was diagnostic in 24 (16.7%) cases and BASpost in 33 (22.9%) (Chi-squared P<0.009). The number of cases in which it was the only diagnostic method was identical: Two for BASpre and two cases for BASpost. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with LC and endobronchial lesion, BASpost is diagnosed in a higher percentage of cases than BASpre. This difference does not affect the overall diagnostic performance of bronchoscopy as the number of times in which either is the only diagnostic procedure is identical.

Concordance Between Rapid On-Site Evaluation and Final Cytologic Diagnosis in Patients Undergoing Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Staging.

OBJECTIVES: In patients with lung cancer undergoing mediastinal staging through endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), decisions are based on rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) findings. We aimed to analyze the concordance rate between ROSE diagnosis and final diagnosis. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in patients undergoing EBUS-TBNA for lung cancer staging. Diagnosis concordance was defined as cases where lymph nodes (LNs) presented the same diagnosis in ROSE and final diagnosis. Determinants of concordance were analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients were included and 637 LNs sampled. ROSE diagnosis was concordant with final diagnosis in 612 (96.1%) LNs and nonconcordant in 25 (3.9%). Differences in the concordance rate were found between pathologists, ROSE diagnoses, presence of cell block, number of passes, and number of slides. The staging status was changed between ROSE and the final diagnosis in three (4.6%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: ROSE diagnosis has a high concordance with the final diagnosis.

Nodal size ranking as a predictor of mediastinal involvement in clinical early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.

In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, the recommended minimum requirement for an endoscopy-based mediastinal staging procedure is sampling the largest lymph node (LN) in right and left inferior paratracheal, and subcarinal stations. We aimed to analyze the percentage of cases where the largest LN in each mediastinal station was malignant in a cohort of NSCLC patients with mediastinal metastases diagnosed in the lymphadenectomy specimen. Furthermore, we investigated the sensitivity of a preoperative staging procedure in a hypothetical scenario where only the largest LN of each station would have been sampled.Prospective data of patients with mediastinal nodal metastases diagnosed in the lymphadenectomy specimens were retrospectively analyzed. The long-axis diameter of the maximal cut surface of all LNs was measured on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections.Seven hundred seventy five patients underwent operation and 49 (6%) with mediastinal nodal disease were included. A total of 713 LNs were resected and 119 were involved. Sixty seven nodal stations revealed malignant LNs: in these, the largest LN was malignant in 39 (58%). In a "per patient" analysis, a preoperative staging procedure that sampled only the largest LN would have attained a sensitivity of 0.67; and if the largest and the second largest were sampled, sensitivity would be 0.87.In patients with NSCLC, nodal size ranking is not reliable enough to predict malignancy. In clinical practice, regardless of the preoperative staging method, systematic thorough sampling of all visible LNs is to be recommended over selective random samplings.

Can LigaSure™ be used to perform sleeve gastrectomy? - Tensile strength and histological changes.

INTRODUCTION: LigaSure™ was developed as an alternative to suture ligatures, hemoclips and staplers for ligating vessels and tissue bundles. The aim of the present study was to determine whether LigaSure can be used as a welding instrument in the performance of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gastric specimens were assigned into four groups. Group 1 - specimens remained with the staple line intact. Group 2 - the staple line was oversewn. Group 3 - the staple line was resected with LigaSure. Group 4 - staple line was resected with LigaSure and the seal was oversewn. In all specimens the pressure tolerance was assessed using a portable sensor. RESULTS: In group 1 the leak pressure was 34.7 ± 11.7 whereas in group 2 specimens the pressure increased three-fold (101.9 ± 21.4). The LigaSure seal alone (group 3) achieved a mean pressure of 13.7 mmHg. However, in group 4 there was an exponential increase on their burst strength up to 142 mmHg (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSION: According to our results, LigaSure could be used to perform laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with reduction of staple-line bleeding and, when reinforced with a running suture, it achieves a strength that approaches that of staples plus oversewing.